Which set of items is described as a disease caused by nutritional deficiencies or toxicities?

• A. Anthropometrical, Biochemical, Clinical, Diet
• B. Pellagra, Scurvy, Iron-Deficiency Anemia
• C. Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity
• D. Pellagra, Scurvy (Vitamin C) Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Answer: (D)

Nutritional deficiency diseases are illnesses that directly arise from inadequate or excessive intake of specific nutrients. Pellagra is caused by niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency; scurvy results from insufficient vitamin C; iron-deficiency anemia stems from a lack of iron. These are classic examples of diseases that come from not getting enough of particular nutrients, or from imbalances in intake, rather than from general metabolic risk factors or from being tools to assess nutrition. The other options mix in nutrition assessment terms or conditions that are influenced by diet but are not classic deficiency diseases, so they don’t fit the description as precisely.